A nation is known by its states and union territories. India as a country comprises 28 states and 8 Union Territories. There is a difference between a state and a union territory. This article will mention the basic differences between the two for IAS Exam aspirants along with the explanation of the states and union territories.
Evolution of States and Union Territories in India
Our 28 states and 8 Union Territories have come out from the two categories of political units:
- The British Provinces
- The Princely States
India as an independent nation started with a total of 29 states classified into four categories:
- Part A: Nine erstwhile governor’s provinces of British India
- Part B: Nine erstwhile princely states with legislatures
- Part C: Erstwhile chief commissioner’s provinces of British India and some of the erstwhile princely states. These Part-C states (in all 10 in number) were centrally administered
- Part D: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Check the states in the above-mentioned parts at the time of India’s independence:
| Part A States | Part B States | Part C States | Part D States |
| Assam | Hyderabad | Ajmer | Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
| Bihar | Jammu & Kashmir | Bhopal | – |
| Bombay | Madhya Bharat | Bilaspur | – |
| Madhya Pradesh | Mysore | Cooch-Behar | – |
| Madras | Patiala & East Punjab | Coorg | – |
| Punjab | Rajasthan | Delhi | – |
| Orissa | Saurashtra | Himachal Pradesh | – |
| United Provinces | Travancore-Cochin | Kutch | – |
| West Bengal | Vindhya Pradesh | Manipur | – |
| – | – | Tripura | – |
Later, with the States Reorganisation Act (1956) and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act (1956), the distinction between Part-A and Part-B states was done away with and Part-C states were abolished. Some of them were merged with adjacent states and some others were designated as union territories.
As a result, the following 14 states and 6 union territories were created in 1956:
| States | Union Territory |
| Andhra Pradesh | Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
| Assam | Delhi |
| Bihar | Himachal Pradesh |
| Bombay | Laccadive, Minicoy & Amindivi Islands |
| Jammu & Kashmir | Manipur |
| Kerala | Tripura |
| Madhya Pradesh | – |
| Madras | – |
| Mysore | – |
| Orissa | – |
| Punjab | – |
| Rajasthan | – |
| Uttar Pradesh | – |
| West Bengal | – |
States and Union Territories Post-1956
The demand for the creation of states based on the languages was one of the major reasons for India to have a number of states. Post-1956, India came up with 29 States and 7 Union Territories:
| States | Union Territory |
| Andhra Pradesh | Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Chandigarh |
| Assam | Dadra and Nagar Haveli |
| Bihar | Daman and Diu |
| Chhattisgarh | Delhi (National Capital Territory) |
| Goa | Lakshadweep |
| Gujarat | Puducherry |
| Haryana | – |
| Himachal Pradesh | – |
| Jammu and Kashmir | – |
| Jharkhand | – |
| Karnataka | – |
| Kerala | – |
| Madhya Pradesh | – |
| Maharashtra | – |
| Manipur | – |
| Meghalaya | – |
| Mizoram | – |
| Nagaland | – |
| Odisha | – |
| Punjab | – |
| Rajasthan | – |
| Sikkim | – |
| Tamil Nadu | – |
| Telangana | – |
| Tripura | – |
| Uttarakhand | – |
| Uttar Pradesh | – |
| West Bengal | – |
Note: After the repeal of the special status of Jammu & Kashmir in July 2019, on October 31, 2019, the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir was bifurcated into two union territories:
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Ladakh
Hence, now India has 28 states and 8 Union Territories.
Difference between States and Union Territories
The basic differences between a state and a union territory are given below which can help aspirants in UPSC 2020 exam as the bifurcation of Jammu & Kashmir state makes this topic important.
| Difference | States | Union Territory |
| Definition | It is an independent unit which is run by the state legislature which either is unicameral or bicameral:
(to read the difference between unicameral and bicameral, refer to the linked article.)
| It is not an independent unit but is run by the administrators appointed by the President of India
Note:
Delhi and Puducherry are the only two UTs that have a legislature and are governed by a governor, CM and council of ministers.
|
| Administration | State Legislature:
| Central Government through Lieutenant Governors or in case of Delhi and Puducherry, a Governor |
| Executive Head | President | Lt. Governor/ Governor |
| Centre’s relationship | Federal in character | Unitary in character |
| Election | Chief Minister is elected | An administrator is appointed by the President |
| Autonomy | Exist | Does not exist |
